linux-stable.git/arch/tile/mm, branch linux-3.2.y Linux kernel stable tree mm: larger stack guard gap, between vmas 2017-07-02T16:12:47+00:00 Hugh Dickins hughd@google.com 2017-06-19T18:32:47+00:00 640c7dfdc7c723143b1ce42f5569ec8565cbbde7 commit 1be7107fbe18eed3e319a6c3e83c78254b693acb upstream. Stack guard page is a useful feature to reduce a risk of stack smashing into a different mapping. We have been using a single page gap which is sufficient to prevent having stack adjacent to a different mapping. But this seems to be insufficient in the light of the stack usage in userspace. E.g. glibc uses as large as 64kB alloca() in many commonly used functions. Others use constructs liks gid_t buffer[NGROUPS_MAX] which is 256kB or stack strings with MAX_ARG_STRLEN. This will become especially dangerous for suid binaries and the default no limit for the stack size limit because those applications can be tricked to consume a large portion of the stack and a single glibc call could jump over the guard page. These attacks are not theoretical, unfortunatelly. Make those attacks less probable by increasing the stack guard gap to 1MB (on systems with 4k pages; but make it depend on the page size because systems with larger base pages might cap stack allocations in the PAGE_SIZE units) which should cover larger alloca() and VLA stack allocations. It is obviously not a full fix because the problem is somehow inherent, but it should reduce attack space a lot. One could argue that the gap size should be configurable from userspace, but that can be done later when somebody finds that the new 1MB is wrong for some special case applications. For now, add a kernel command line option (stack_guard_gap) to specify the stack gap size (in page units). Implementation wise, first delete all the old code for stack guard page: because although we could get away with accounting one extra page in a stack vma, accounting a larger gap can break userspace - case in point, a program run with "ulimit -S -v 20000" failed when the 1MB gap was counted for RLIMIT_AS; similar problems could come with RLIMIT_MLOCK and strict non-overcommit mode. Instead of keeping gap inside the stack vma, maintain the stack guard gap as a gap between vmas: using vm_start_gap() in place of vm_start (or vm_end_gap() in place of vm_end if VM_GROWSUP) in just those few places which need to respect the gap - mainly arch_get_unmapped_area(), and and the vma tree's subtree_gap support for that. Original-patch-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Original-patch-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Tested-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> # parisc Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> [Hugh Dickins: Backported to 3.2] [bwh: Fix more instances of vma->vm_start in sparc64 impl. of arch_get_unmapped_area_topdown() and generic impl. of hugetlb_get_unmapped_area()] Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk> 
commit 1be7107fbe18eed3e319a6c3e83c78254b693acb upstream.

Stack guard page is a useful feature to reduce a risk of stack smashing
into a different mapping. We have been using a single page gap which
is sufficient to prevent having stack adjacent to a different mapping.
But this seems to be insufficient in the light of the stack usage in
userspace. E.g. glibc uses as large as 64kB alloca() in many commonly
used functions. Others use constructs liks gid_t buffer[NGROUPS_MAX]
which is 256kB or stack strings with MAX_ARG_STRLEN.

This will become especially dangerous for suid binaries and the default
no limit for the stack size limit because those applications can be
tricked to consume a large portion of the stack and a single glibc call
could jump over the guard page. These attacks are not theoretical,
unfortunatelly.

Make those attacks less probable by increasing the stack guard gap
to 1MB (on systems with 4k pages; but make it depend on the page size
because systems with larger base pages might cap stack allocations in
the PAGE_SIZE units) which should cover larger alloca() and VLA stack
allocations. It is obviously not a full fix because the problem is
somehow inherent, but it should reduce attack space a lot.

One could argue that the gap size should be configurable from userspace,
but that can be done later when somebody finds that the new 1MB is wrong
for some special case applications.  For now, add a kernel command line
option (stack_guard_gap) to specify the stack gap size (in page units).

Implementation wise, first delete all the old code for stack guard page:
because although we could get away with accounting one extra page in a
stack vma, accounting a larger gap can break userspace - case in point,
a program run with "ulimit -S -v 20000" failed when the 1MB gap was
counted for RLIMIT_AS; similar problems could come with RLIMIT_MLOCK
and strict non-overcommit mode.

Instead of keeping gap inside the stack vma, maintain the stack guard
gap as a gap between vmas: using vm_start_gap() in place of vm_start
(or vm_end_gap() in place of vm_end if VM_GROWSUP) in just those few
places which need to respect the gap - mainly arch_get_unmapped_area(),
and and the vma tree's subtree_gap support for that.

Original-patch-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Original-patch-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Tested-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> # parisc
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
[Hugh Dickins: Backported to 3.2]
[bwh: Fix more instances of vma->vm_start in sparc64 impl. of
 arch_get_unmapped_area_topdown() and generic impl. of
 hugetlb_get_unmapped_area()]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
vm: add VM_FAULT_SIGSEGV handling support 2015-02-20T00:49:40+00:00 Linus Torvalds torvalds@linux-foundation.org 2015-01-29T18:51:32+00:00 219a047eb9a3cde86b5a341f9f8d4f6cf7e8cd56 commit 33692f27597fcab536d7cbbcc8f52905133e4aa7 upstream. The core VM already knows about VM_FAULT_SIGBUS, but cannot return a "you should SIGSEGV" error, because the SIGSEGV case was generally handled by the caller - usually the architecture fault handler. That results in lots of duplication - all the architecture fault handlers end up doing very similar "look up vma, check permissions, do retries etc" - but it generally works. However, there are cases where the VM actually wants to SIGSEGV, and applications _expect_ SIGSEGV. In particular, when accessing the stack guard page, libsigsegv expects a SIGSEGV. And it usually got one, because the stack growth is handled by that duplicated architecture fault handler. However, when the generic VM layer started propagating the error return from the stack expansion in commit fee7e49d4514 ("mm: propagate error from stack expansion even for guard page"), that now exposed the existing VM_FAULT_SIGBUS result to user space. And user space really expected SIGSEGV, not SIGBUS. To fix that case, we need to add a VM_FAULT_SIGSEGV, and teach all those duplicate architecture fault handlers about it. They all already have the code to handle SIGSEGV, so it's about just tying that new return value to the existing code, but it's all a bit annoying. This is the mindless minimal patch to do this. A more extensive patch would be to try to gather up the mostly shared fault handling logic into one generic helper routine, and long-term we really should do that cleanup. Just from this patch, you can generally see that most architectures just copied (directly or indirectly) the old x86 way of doing things, but in the meantime that original x86 model has been improved to hold the VM semaphore for shorter times etc and to handle VM_FAULT_RETRY and other "newer" things, so it would be a good idea to bring all those improvements to the generic case and teach other architectures about them too. Reported-and-tested-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de> Tested-by: Jan Engelhardt <jengelh@inai.de> Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> # "s390 still compiles and boots" Cc: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> [bwh: Backported to 3.2: - Adjust filenames, context - Drop arc, metag, nios2 and lustre changes - For sh, patch both 32-bit and 64-bit implementations to use goto bad_area - For s390, pass int_code and trans_exc_code as arguments to do_no_context() and do_sigsegv()] Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk> 
commit 33692f27597fcab536d7cbbcc8f52905133e4aa7 upstream.

The core VM already knows about VM_FAULT_SIGBUS, but cannot return a
"you should SIGSEGV" error, because the SIGSEGV case was generally
handled by the caller - usually the architecture fault handler.

That results in lots of duplication - all the architecture fault
handlers end up doing very similar "look up vma, check permissions, do
retries etc" - but it generally works.  However, there are cases where
the VM actually wants to SIGSEGV, and applications _expect_ SIGSEGV.

In particular, when accessing the stack guard page, libsigsegv expects a
SIGSEGV.  And it usually got one, because the stack growth is handled by
that duplicated architecture fault handler.

However, when the generic VM layer started propagating the error return
from the stack expansion in commit fee7e49d4514 ("mm: propagate error
from stack expansion even for guard page"), that now exposed the
existing VM_FAULT_SIGBUS result to user space.  And user space really
expected SIGSEGV, not SIGBUS.

To fix that case, we need to add a VM_FAULT_SIGSEGV, and teach all those
duplicate architecture fault handlers about it.  They all already have
the code to handle SIGSEGV, so it's about just tying that new return
value to the existing code, but it's all a bit annoying.

This is the mindless minimal patch to do this.  A more extensive patch
would be to try to gather up the mostly shared fault handling logic into
one generic helper routine, and long-term we really should do that
cleanup.

Just from this patch, you can generally see that most architectures just
copied (directly or indirectly) the old x86 way of doing things, but in
the meantime that original x86 model has been improved to hold the VM
semaphore for shorter times etc and to handle VM_FAULT_RETRY and other
"newer" things, so it would be a good idea to bring all those
improvements to the generic case and teach other architectures about
them too.

Reported-and-tested-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Tested-by: Jan Engelhardt <jengelh@inai.de>
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> # "s390 still compiles and boots"
Cc: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
[bwh: Backported to 3.2:
 - Adjust filenames, context
 - Drop arc, metag, nios2 and lustre changes
 - For sh, patch both 32-bit and 64-bit implementations to use goto bad_area
 - For s390, pass int_code and trans_exc_code as arguments to do_no_context()
   and do_sigsegv()]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
arch/tile: fix double-free bug in homecache_free_pages() 2011-12-03T20:31:47+00:00 Chris Metcalf cmetcalf@tilera.com 2011-12-01T17:51:05+00:00 c2851a9b1caa420c2cdbd517617166990e3723c0 When freeing the page with this API, the page was "put" twice. This was only discovered bringing up an MPT fusion controller, which actually used the API; it hadn't been invoked previously, so the bug had gone unnoticed. Signed-off-by: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com> 
When freeing the page with this API, the page was "put" twice.
This was only discovered bringing up an MPT fusion controller, which
actually used the API; it hadn't been invoked previously, so the bug
had gone unnoticed.

Signed-off-by: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
arch/tile/mm/init.c: trivial: use BUG_ON 2011-08-02T20:26:59+00:00 Julia Lawall julia@diku.dk 2011-08-02T10:35:04+00:00 d1afa65ca59d4e6a5f1a8c1ab9bfa73f2fa8b777 Use BUG_ON(x) rather than if(x) BUG(); The semantic patch that fixes this problem is as follows: (http://coccinelle.lip6.fr/) // <smpl> @@ identifier x; @@ -if (x) BUG(); +BUG_ON(x); @@ identifier x; @@ -if (!x) BUG(); +BUG_ON(!x); // </smpl> Signed-off-by: Julia Lawall <julia@diku.dk> Signed-off-by: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com> 
Use BUG_ON(x) rather than if(x) BUG();

The semantic patch that fixes this problem is as follows:
(http://coccinelle.lip6.fr/)

// <smpl>
@@ identifier x; @@
-if (x) BUG();
+BUG_ON(x);

@@ identifier x; @@
-if (!x) BUG();
+BUG_ON(!x);
// </smpl>

Signed-off-by: Julia Lawall <julia@diku.dk>
Signed-off-by: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
Merge git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/cmetcalf/linux-tile 2011-05-25T22:35:32+00:00 Linus Torvalds torvalds@linux-foundation.org 2011-05-25T22:35:32+00:00 0798b1dbfbd9ff2a370c5968c5f0621ef0075fe0 * git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/cmetcalf/linux-tile: (26 commits) arch/tile: prefer "tilepro" as the name of the 32-bit architecture compat: include aio_abi.h for aio_context_t arch/tile: cleanups for tilegx compat mode arch/tile: allocate PCI IRQs later in boot arch/tile: support signal "exception-trace" hook arch/tile: use better definitions of xchg() and cmpxchg() include/linux/compat.h: coding-style fixes tile: add an RTC driver for the Tilera hypervisor arch/tile: finish enabling support for TILE-Gx 64-bit chip compat: fixes to allow working with tile arch arch/tile: update defconfig file to something more useful tile: do_hardwall_trap: do not play with task->sighand tile: replace mm->cpu_vm_mask with mm_cpumask() tile,mn10300: add device parameter to dma_cache_sync() audit: support the "standard" <asm-generic/unistd.h> arch/tile: clarify flush_buffer()/finv_buffer() function names arch/tile: kernel-related cleanups from removing static page size arch/tile: various header improvements for building drivers arch/tile: disable GX prefetcher during cache flush arch/tile: tolerate disabling CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD ... 
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/cmetcalf/linux-tile: (26 commits)
  arch/tile: prefer "tilepro" as the name of the 32-bit architecture
  compat: include aio_abi.h for aio_context_t
  arch/tile: cleanups for tilegx compat mode
  arch/tile: allocate PCI IRQs later in boot
  arch/tile: support signal "exception-trace" hook
  arch/tile: use better definitions of xchg() and cmpxchg()
  include/linux/compat.h: coding-style fixes
  tile: add an RTC driver for the Tilera hypervisor
  arch/tile: finish enabling support for TILE-Gx 64-bit chip
  compat: fixes to allow working with tile arch
  arch/tile: update defconfig file to something more useful
  tile: do_hardwall_trap: do not play with task->sighand
  tile: replace mm->cpu_vm_mask with mm_cpumask()
  tile,mn10300: add device parameter to dma_cache_sync()
  audit: support the "standard" <asm-generic/unistd.h>
  arch/tile: clarify flush_buffer()/finv_buffer() function names
  arch/tile: kernel-related cleanups from removing static page size
  arch/tile: various header improvements for building drivers
  arch/tile: disable GX prefetcher during cache flush
  arch/tile: tolerate disabling CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
  ...
mm: now that all old mmu_gather code is gone, remove the storage 2011-05-25T15:39:16+00:00 Peter Zijlstra a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl 2011-05-25T00:11:58+00:00 1c395176962176660bb108f90e97e1686cfe0d85 Fold all the mmu_gather rework patches into one for submission Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Reported-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk> Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org> Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> 
Fold all the mmu_gather rework patches into one for submission

Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Reported-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
arch/tile: support signal "exception-trace" hook 2011-05-20T02:55:59+00:00 Chris Metcalf cmetcalf@tilera.com 2011-05-16T18:23:44+00:00 571d76acdab95876aeff869ab6449f826c23aa43 This change adds support for /proc/sys/debug/exception-trace to tile. Like x86 and sparc, by default it is set to "1", generating a one-line printk whenever a user process crashes. By setting it to "2", we get a much more complete userspace diagnostic at crash time, including a user-space backtrace, register dump, and memory dump around the address of the crash. Some vestiges of the Tilera-internal version of this support are removed with this patch (the show_crashinfo variable and the arch_coredump_signal function). We retain a "crashinfo" boot parameter which allows you to set the boot-time value of exception-trace. Signed-off-by: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com> 
This change adds support for /proc/sys/debug/exception-trace to tile.
Like x86 and sparc, by default it is set to "1", generating a one-line
printk whenever a user process crashes.  By setting it to "2", we get
a much more complete userspace diagnostic at crash time, including
a user-space backtrace, register dump, and memory dump around the
address of the crash.

Some vestiges of the Tilera-internal version of this support are
removed with this patch (the show_crashinfo variable and the
arch_coredump_signal function).  We retain a "crashinfo" boot parameter
which allows you to set the boot-time value of exception-trace.

Signed-off-by: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
arch/tile: finish enabling support for TILE-Gx 64-bit chip 2011-05-12T19:52:12+00:00 Chris Metcalf cmetcalf@tilera.com 2011-05-04T18:38:26+00:00 18aecc2b645bbb07851b196452a2af314222069b This support was partially present in the existing code (look for "__tilegx__" ifdefs) but with this change you can build a working kernel using the TILE-Gx toolchain and ARCH=tilegx. Most of these files are new, generally adding a foo_64.c file where previously there was just a foo_32.c file. The ARCH=tilegx directive redirects to arch/tile, not arch/tilegx, using the existing SRCARCH mechanism in the top-level Makefile. Changes to existing files: - <asm/bitops.h> and <asm/bitops_32.h> changed to factor the include of <asm-generic/bitops/non-atomic.h> in the common header. - <asm/compat.h> and arch/tile/kernel/compat.c changed to remove the "const" markers I had put on compat_sys_execve() when trying to match some recent similar changes to the non-compat execve. It turns out the compat version wasn't "upgraded" to use const. - <asm/opcode-tile_64.h> and <asm/opcode_constants_64.h> were previously included accidentally, with the 32-bit contents. Now they have the proper 64-bit contents. Finally, I had to hack the existing hacky drivers/input/input-compat.h to add yet another "#ifdef" for INPUT_COMPAT_TEST (same as x86_64). Signed-off-by: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com> Acked-by: Dmitry Torokhov <dmitry.torokhov@gmail.com> [drivers/input] 
This support was partially present in the existing code (look for
"__tilegx__" ifdefs) but with this change you can build a working
kernel using the TILE-Gx toolchain and ARCH=tilegx.

Most of these files are new, generally adding a foo_64.c file
where previously there was just a foo_32.c file.

The ARCH=tilegx directive redirects to arch/tile, not arch/tilegx,
using the existing SRCARCH mechanism in the top-level Makefile.

Changes to existing files:

- <asm/bitops.h> and <asm/bitops_32.h> changed to factor the
  include of <asm-generic/bitops/non-atomic.h> in the common header.

- <asm/compat.h> and arch/tile/kernel/compat.c changed to remove
  the "const" markers I had put on compat_sys_execve() when trying
  to match some recent similar changes to the non-compat execve.
  It turns out the compat version wasn't "upgraded" to use const.

- <asm/opcode-tile_64.h> and <asm/opcode_constants_64.h> were
  previously included accidentally, with the 32-bit contents.  Now
  they have the proper 64-bit contents.

Finally, I had to hack the existing hacky drivers/input/input-compat.h
to add yet another "#ifdef" for INPUT_COMPAT_TEST (same as x86_64).

Signed-off-by: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
Acked-by: Dmitry Torokhov <dmitry.torokhov@gmail.com> [drivers/input]
arch/tile: support TIF_NOTIFY_RESUME 2011-05-02T22:53:35+00:00 Chris Metcalf cmetcalf@tilera.com 2011-05-02T18:50:06+00:00 313ce674d3cbc2d48ed34a9462427920ac54f4ad This support is required for CONFIG_KEYS, NFSv4 kernel DNS, etc. The change is slightly more complex than the minimal thing, since I took advantage of having to go into the assembly code to just move a bunch of stuff into C code: specifically, the schedule(), do_async_page_fault(), do_signal(), and single_step_once() support, in addition to the TIF_NOTIFY_RESUME support. Signed-off-by: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com> 
This support is required for CONFIG_KEYS, NFSv4 kernel DNS, etc.
The change is slightly more complex than the minimal thing, since
I took advantage of having to go into the assembly code to just
move a bunch of stuff into C code: specifically, the schedule(),
do_async_page_fault(), do_signal(), and single_step_once() support,
in addition to the TIF_NOTIFY_RESUME support.

Signed-off-by: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
Fix common misspellings 2011-03-31T14:26:23+00:00 Lucas De Marchi lucas.demarchi@profusion.mobi 2011-03-31T01:57:33+00:00 25985edcedea6396277003854657b5f3cb31a628 Fixes generated by 'codespell' and manually reviewed. Signed-off-by: Lucas De Marchi <lucas.demarchi@profusion.mobi> 
Fixes generated by 'codespell' and manually reviewed.

Signed-off-by: Lucas De Marchi <lucas.demarchi@profusion.mobi>