linux-stable.git/arch/mips/include/uapi, branch v5.8

KVM: MIPS: Add CPUCFG emulation for Loongson-3

2020-06-04T17:51:33+00:00

Loongson-3 overrides lwc2 instructions to implement CPUCFG and CSR
read/write functions. These instructions all cause guest exit so CSR
doesn't benifit KVM guest (and there are always legacy methods to
provide the same functions as CSR). So, we only emulate CPUCFG and let
it return a reduced feature list (which means the virtual CPU doesn't
have any other advanced features, including CSR) in KVM.

Reviewed-by: Aleksandar Markovic 
Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen 
Co-developed-by: Jiaxun Yang 
Message-Id: <1590220602-3547-12-git-send-email-chenhc@lemote.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini

MIPS: Expose Loongson CPUCFG availability via HWCAP

2020-05-31T08:53:56+00:00

The point is to allow userspace to probe for CPUCFG without possibly
triggering invalid instructions. In addition to that, future Loongson
feature bits could all be stuffed into CPUCFG bit fields (or "leaves"
in x86-speak) if Loongson does not make mistakes, so ELF HWCAP bits are
conserved.

Userspace can determine native CPUCFG availability by checking the LCSRP
(Loongson CSR Present) bit in CPUCFG output after seeing CPUCFG bit in
HWCAP. Native CPUCFG always sets the LCSRP bit, as CPUCFG is part of the
Loongson CSR ASE, while the emulation intentionally leaves this bit
clear.

The other existing Loongson-specific HWCAP bits are, to my best
knowledge, unused, as

(1) they are fairly recent additions,
(2) Loongson never back-ported the patch into their kernel fork, and
(3) Loongson's existing installed base rarely upgrade, if ever;

However, they are still considered userspace ABI, hence unfortunately
unremovable. But hopefully at least we could stop adding new Loongson
HWCAP bits in the future.

Cc: Paul Burton 
Cc: Jiaxun Yang 
Cc: Huacai Chen 
Signed-off-by: WANG Xuerui 
Reviewed-by: Huacai Chen 
Signed-off-by: Thomas Bogendoerfer

MIPS: Loongson-3: Add some unaligned instructions emulation

2020-04-24T16:18:38+00:00

1, Add unaligned gslq, gssq, gslqc1, gssqc1 emulation;
2, Add unaligned gsl{h, w, d}x, gss{h, w, d}x emulation;
3, Add unaligned gslwxc1, gsswxc1, gsldxc1, gssdxc1 emulation.

Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen 
Signed-off-by: Pei Huang 
Reviewed-by: Jiaxun Yang 
Signed-off-by: Thomas Bogendoerfer

arch: sembuf.h: make uapi asm/sembuf.h self-contained

2019-12-05T03:44:14+00:00

Userspace cannot compile  due to some missing type
definitions.  For example, building it for x86 fails as follows:

    CC      usr/include/asm/sembuf.h.s
  In file included from :32:0:
  usr/include/asm/sembuf.h:17:20: error: field `sem_perm' has incomplete type
    struct ipc64_perm sem_perm; /* permissions .. see ipc.h */
                      ^~~~~~~~
  usr/include/asm/sembuf.h:24:2: error: unknown type name `__kernel_time_t'
    __kernel_time_t sem_otime; /* last semop time */
    ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  usr/include/asm/sembuf.h:25:2: error: unknown type name `__kernel_ulong_t'
    __kernel_ulong_t __unused1;
    ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  usr/include/asm/sembuf.h:26:2: error: unknown type name `__kernel_time_t'
    __kernel_time_t sem_ctime; /* last change time */
    ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  usr/include/asm/sembuf.h:27:2: error: unknown type name `__kernel_ulong_t'
    __kernel_ulong_t __unused2;
    ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  usr/include/asm/sembuf.h:29:2: error: unknown type name `__kernel_ulong_t'
    __kernel_ulong_t sem_nsems; /* no. of semaphores in array */
    ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  usr/include/asm/sembuf.h:30:2: error: unknown type name `__kernel_ulong_t'
    __kernel_ulong_t __unused3;
    ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  usr/include/asm/sembuf.h:31:2: error: unknown type name `__kernel_ulong_t'
    __kernel_ulong_t __unused4;
    ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

It is just a matter of missing include directive.

Include  to make it self-contained, and add it to
the compile-test coverage.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191030063855.9989-3-yamada.masahiro@socionext.com
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada 
Cc: Arnd Bergmann 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

arch: msgbuf.h: make uapi asm/msgbuf.h self-contained

2019-12-05T03:44:14+00:00

Userspace cannot compile  due to some missing type
definitions.  For example, building it for x86 fails as follows:

    CC      usr/include/asm/msgbuf.h.s
  In file included from usr/include/asm/msgbuf.h:6:0,
                   from :32:
  usr/include/asm-generic/msgbuf.h:25:20: error: field `msg_perm' has incomplete type
    struct ipc64_perm msg_perm;
                      ^~~~~~~~
  usr/include/asm-generic/msgbuf.h:27:2: error: unknown type name `__kernel_time_t'
    __kernel_time_t msg_stime; /* last msgsnd time */
    ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  usr/include/asm-generic/msgbuf.h:28:2: error: unknown type name `__kernel_time_t'
    __kernel_time_t msg_rtime; /* last msgrcv time */
    ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  usr/include/asm-generic/msgbuf.h:29:2: error: unknown type name `__kernel_time_t'
    __kernel_time_t msg_ctime; /* last change time */
    ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  usr/include/asm-generic/msgbuf.h:41:2: error: unknown type name `__kernel_pid_t'
    __kernel_pid_t msg_lspid; /* pid of last msgsnd */
    ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  usr/include/asm-generic/msgbuf.h:42:2: error: unknown type name `__kernel_pid_t'
    __kernel_pid_t msg_lrpid; /* last receive pid */
    ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~

It is just a matter of missing include directive.

Include  to make it self-contained, and add it to
the compile-test coverage.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191030063855.9989-2-yamada.masahiro@socionext.com
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada 
Cc: Arnd Bergmann 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

y2038: stat: avoid 'time_t' in 'struct stat'

2019-11-15T13:38:28+00:00

The time_t definition may differ between user space and kernel space,
so replace time_t with an unambiguous 'long' for the mips and sparc.

The same structures also contain 'off_t', which has the same problem,
so replace that as well on those two architectures and powerpc.

Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann

y2038: ipc: remove __kernel_time_t reference from headers

2019-11-15T13:38:28+00:00

There are two structures based on time_t that conflict between libc and
kernel: timeval and timespec. Both are now renamed to __kernel_old_timeval
and __kernel_old_timespec.

For time_t, the old typedef is still __kernel_time_t. There is nothing
wrong with that name, but it would be nice to not use that going forward
as this type is used almost only in deprecated interfaces because of
the y2038 overflow.

In the IPC headers (msgbuf.h, sembuf.h, shmbuf.h), __kernel_time_t is only
used for the 64-bit variants, which are not deprecated.

Change these to a plain 'long', which is the same type as __kernel_time_t
on all 64-bit architectures anyway, to reduce the number of users of the
old type.

Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann

MIPS: elf_hwcap: Export userspace ASEs

2019-10-10T18:57:36+00:00

A Golang developer reported MIPS hwcap isn't reflecting instructions
that the processor actually supported so programs can't apply optimized
code at runtime.

Thus we export the ASEs that can be used in userspace programs.

Reported-by: Meng Zhuo 
Signed-off-by: Jiaxun Yang 
Cc: linux-mips@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Paul Burton 
Cc:  # 4.14+
Signed-off-by: Paul Burton

mm: introduce MADV_PAGEOUT

2019-09-26T00:51:41+00:00

When a process expects no accesses to a certain memory range for a long
time, it could hint kernel that the pages can be reclaimed instantly but
data should be preserved for future use.  This could reduce workingset
eviction so it ends up increasing performance.

This patch introduces the new MADV_PAGEOUT hint to madvise(2) syscall.
MADV_PAGEOUT can be used by a process to mark a memory range as not
expected to be used for a long time so that kernel reclaims *any LRU*
pages instantly.  The hint can help kernel in deciding which pages to
evict proactively.

A note: It doesn't apply SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX LRU page isolation limit
intentionally because it's automatically bounded by PMD size.  If PMD
size(e.g., 256) makes some trouble, we could fix it later by limit it to
SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX[1].

- man-page material

MADV_PAGEOUT (since Linux x.x)

Do not expect access in the near future so pages in the specified
regions could be reclaimed instantly regardless of memory pressure.
Thus, access in the range after successful operation could cause
major page fault but never lose the up-to-date contents unlike
MADV_DONTNEED. Pages belonging to a shared mapping are only processed
if a write access is allowed for the calling process.

MADV_PAGEOUT cannot be applied to locked pages, Huge TLB pages, or
VM_PFNMAP pages.

[1] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20190710194719.GS29695@dhcp22.suse.cz/

[minchan@kernel.org: clear PG_active on MADV_PAGEOUT]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190802200643.GA181880@google.com
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: resolve conflicts with hmm.git]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190726023435.214162-5-minchan@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim 
Reported-by: kbuild test robot 
Acked-by: Michal Hocko 
Cc: James E.J. Bottomley 
Cc: Richard Henderson 
Cc: Ralf Baechle 
Cc: Chris Zankel 
Cc: Daniel Colascione 
Cc: Dave Hansen 
Cc: Hillf Danton 
Cc: Joel Fernandes (Google) 
Cc: Johannes Weiner 
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov 
Cc: Oleksandr Natalenko 
Cc: Shakeel Butt 
Cc: Sonny Rao 
Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan 
Cc: Tim Murray 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm: introduce MADV_COLD

2019-09-26T00:51:41+00:00

Patch series "Introduce MADV_COLD and MADV_PAGEOUT", v7.

- Background

The Android terminology used for forking a new process and starting an app
from scratch is a cold start, while resuming an existing app is a hot
start.  While we continually try to improve the performance of cold
starts, hot starts will always be significantly less power hungry as well
as faster so we are trying to make hot start more likely than cold start.

To increase hot start, Android userspace manages the order that apps
should be killed in a process called ActivityManagerService.
ActivityManagerService tracks every Android app or service that the user
could be interacting with at any time and translates that into a ranked
list for lmkd(low memory killer daemon).  They are likely to be killed by
lmkd if the system has to reclaim memory.  In that sense they are similar
to entries in any other cache.  Those apps are kept alive for
opportunistic performance improvements but those performance improvements
will vary based on the memory requirements of individual workloads.

- Problem

Naturally, cached apps were dominant consumers of memory on the system.
However, they were not significant consumers of swap even though they are
good candidate for swap.  Under investigation, swapping out only begins
once the low zone watermark is hit and kswapd wakes up, but the overall
allocation rate in the system might trip lmkd thresholds and cause a
cached process to be killed(we measured performance swapping out vs.
zapping the memory by killing a process.  Unsurprisingly, zapping is 10x
times faster even though we use zram which is much faster than real
storage) so kill from lmkd will often satisfy the high zone watermark,
resulting in very few pages actually being moved to swap.

- Approach

The approach we chose was to use a new interface to allow userspace to
proactively reclaim entire processes by leveraging platform information.
This allowed us to bypass the inaccuracy of the kernel’s LRUs for pages
that are known to be cold from userspace and to avoid races with lmkd by
reclaiming apps as soon as they entered the cached state.  Additionally,
it could provide many chances for platform to use much information to
optimize memory efficiency.

To achieve the goal, the patchset introduce two new options for madvise.
One is MADV_COLD which will deactivate activated pages and the other is
MADV_PAGEOUT which will reclaim private pages instantly.  These new
options complement MADV_DONTNEED and MADV_FREE by adding non-destructive
ways to gain some free memory space.  MADV_PAGEOUT is similar to
MADV_DONTNEED in a way that it hints the kernel that memory region is not
currently needed and should be reclaimed immediately; MADV_COLD is similar
to MADV_FREE in a way that it hints the kernel that memory region is not
currently needed and should be reclaimed when memory pressure rises.

This patch (of 5):

When a process expects no accesses to a certain memory range, it could
give a hint to kernel that the pages can be reclaimed when memory pressure
happens but data should be preserved for future use.  This could reduce
workingset eviction so it ends up increasing performance.

This patch introduces the new MADV_COLD hint to madvise(2) syscall.
MADV_COLD can be used by a process to mark a memory range as not expected
to be used in the near future.  The hint can help kernel in deciding which
pages to evict early during memory pressure.

It works for every LRU pages like MADV_[DONTNEED|FREE]. IOW, It moves

	active file page -> inactive file LRU
	active anon page -> inacdtive anon LRU

Unlike MADV_FREE, it doesn't move active anonymous pages to inactive file
LRU's head because MADV_COLD is a little bit different symantic.
MADV_FREE means it's okay to discard when the memory pressure because the
content of the page is *garbage* so freeing such pages is almost zero
overhead since we don't need to swap out and access afterward causes just
minor fault.  Thus, it would make sense to put those freeable pages in
inactive file LRU to compete other used-once pages.  It makes sense for
implmentaion point of view, too because it's not swapbacked memory any
longer until it would be re-dirtied.  Even, it could give a bonus to make
them be reclaimed on swapless system.  However, MADV_COLD doesn't mean
garbage so reclaiming them requires swap-out/in in the end so it's bigger
cost.  Since we have designed VM LRU aging based on cost-model, anonymous
cold pages would be better to position inactive anon's LRU list, not file
LRU.  Furthermore, it would help to avoid unnecessary scanning if system
doesn't have a swap device.  Let's start simpler way without adding
complexity at this moment.  However, keep in mind, too that it's a caveat
that workloads with a lot of pages cache are likely to ignore MADV_COLD on
anonymous memory because we rarely age anonymous LRU lists.

* man-page material

MADV_COLD (since Linux x.x)

Pages in the specified regions will be treated as less-recently-accessed
compared to pages in the system with similar access frequencies.  In
contrast to MADV_FREE, the contents of the region are preserved regardless
of subsequent writes to pages.

MADV_COLD cannot be applied to locked pages, Huge TLB pages, or VM_PFNMAP
pages.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: resolve conflicts with hmm.git]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190726023435.214162-2-minchan@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim 
Reported-by: kbuild test robot 
Acked-by: Michal Hocko 
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner 
Cc: James E.J. Bottomley 
Cc: Richard Henderson 
Cc: Ralf Baechle 
Cc: Chris Zankel 
Cc: Johannes Weiner 
Cc: Daniel Colascione 
Cc: Dave Hansen 
Cc: Hillf Danton 
Cc: Joel Fernandes (Google) 
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov 
Cc: Oleksandr Natalenko 
Cc: Shakeel Butt 
Cc: Sonny Rao 
Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan 
Cc: Tim Murray 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds