linux-stable.git/arch/ia64/kernel/head.S, branch linux-5.2.y

License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

2017-11-02T10:10:55+00:00

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier.  The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
 - file had no licensing information it it.
 - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
 - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne.  Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed.  Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
 - Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
 - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
   lines of source
 - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
   lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

 - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
   considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
   COPYING file license applied.

   For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0                                              11139

   and resulted in the first patch in this series.

   If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
   Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0".  Results of that was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        930

   and resulted in the second patch in this series.

 - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
   of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
   any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
   it (per prior point).  Results summary:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                       270
   GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      169
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause)    21
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    17
   LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      15
   GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       14
   ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    5
   LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       4
   LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT)              3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT)             1

   and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

 - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
   the concluded license(s).

 - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
   license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
   licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

 - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
   resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
   which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

 - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
   confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

 - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
   the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
   in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights.  The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
 - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
   license ids and scores
 - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
   files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
 - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
   was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
   SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction.  This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg.  Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected.  This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.)  Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart 
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne 
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner 
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

ia64: Convert vtime to use nsec units directly

2017-02-01T08:14:02+00:00

There is no need anymore for this cputime_t midlayer. Let's use nsec
units directly.

Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker 
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt 
Cc: Fenghua Yu 
Cc: Heiko Carstens 
Cc: Linus Torvalds 
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky 
Cc: Michael Ellerman 
Cc: Paul Mackerras 
Cc: Peter Zijlstra 
Cc: Rik van Riel 
Cc: Stanislaw Gruszka 
Cc: Thomas Gleixner 
Cc: Tony Luck 
Cc: Wanpeng Li 
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1485832191-26889-30-git-send-email-fweisbec@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar

ia64: move exports to definitions

2016-08-08T03:55:50+00:00

Here we have another kind of deviation from the default case -
a difference between exporting functions and non-functions.
EXPORT_DATA_SYMBOL... is really different from EXPORT_SYMBOL...
on ia64, and we need to use the right one when moving exports
from *.c where C compiler has the required information to
*.S, where we need to supply it manually.

parisc64 will be another one like that.

Tested-by: Tony Luck 
Signed-off-by: Al Viro

ia64: remove paravirt code

2015-06-10T21:26:32+00:00

All the ia64 pvops code is now dead code since both
xen and kvm support have been ripped out [0] [1]. Just
that no one had troubled to rip this stuff out. The only
useful remaining pieces were the old pvops docs but that
was recently also generalized and moved out from ia64 [2].

This has been run time tested on an ia64 Madison system.

[0] 003f7de625890 "KVM: ia64: remove" since v3.19-rc1
[1] d52eefb47d4eb "ia64/xen: Remove Xen support for ia64" since v3.14-rc1
[2] "virtual: Documentation: simplify and generalize paravirt_ops.txt"

Signed-off-by: Luis R. Rodriguez 
Signed-off-by: Tony Luck

[IA64] Change default PSR.ac from '1' to '0' (Fix erratum #237)

2014-04-16T17:20:34+00:00

April 2014 Itanium processor specification update:

http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/processors/itanium/itanium-specification-update.html

describes this erratum:

=========================================================================
237. Under a complex set of conditions, store to load forwarding for a
sub 8-byte load may complete incorrectly

Problem: A load instruction may complete incorrectly when a code sequence
using 4-byte or smaller load and store operations to the same address
is executed in combination with specific timing of all the following
concurrent conditions: store to load forwarding, alignment checking
enabled, a mis-predicted branch, and complex cache utilization activity.

Implication: The affected sub 8-byte instruction may complete
incorrectly resulting in unpredictable system behavior. There is an
extremely low probability of exposure due to the significant number of
complex microarchitectural concurrent conditions required to encounter
the erratum.

Workaround: Set PSR.ac = 0 to completely avoid the erratum. Disabling
Hyper-Threading will significantly reduce exposure to the conditions
that contribute to encountering the erratum.

Status: See the Summary Table of Changes for the affected steppings.
=========================================================================

[Table of changes essentially lists all models from McKinley to Tukwila]

The PSR.ac bit controls whether the processor will always generate
an unaligned reference trap (0x5a00) for a misaligned data access
(when PSR.ac=1) or if it will let the access succeed when running
on a cpu that implements logic to handle some unaligned accesses.

Way back in 2008 in commit b704882e70d87d7f56db5ff17e2253f3fa90e4f3
  [IA64] Rationalize kernel mode alignment checking
we made the decision to always enable strict checking. We were
already doing so in trap/interrupt context because the common
preamble code set this bit - but the rest of supervisor code
(and by inheritance user code) ran with PSR.ac=0.

We now reverse that decision and set PSR.ac=0 everywhere in the
kernel (also inherited by user processes). This will avoid the
erratum using the method described in the Itanium specification
update.  Net effect for users is that the processor will handle
unaligned access when it can (typically with a tiny performance
bubble in the pipeline ... but much less invasive than taking a
trap and having the OS perform the access).

Signed-off-by: Tony Luck

ia64/xen: Remove Xen support for ia64

2013-12-11T00:11:07+00:00

ia64 has not been supported by Xen since 4.2 so it's time to drop
Xen/ia64 from Linux as well.

Signed-off-by: Boris Ostrovsky 
Signed-off-by: Tony Luck

sched: Rename sched.c as sched/core.c in comments and Documentation

2013-06-19T10:58:42+00:00

Most of the stuff from kernel/sched.c was moved to kernel/sched/core.c long time
back and the comments/Documentation never got updated.

I figured it out when I was going through sched-domains.txt and so thought of
fixing it globally.

I haven't crossed check if the stuff that is referenced in sched/core.c by all
these files is still present and hasn't changed as that wasn't the motive behind
this patch.

Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar 
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra 
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/cdff76a265326ab8d71922a1db5be599f20aad45.1370329560.git.viresh.kumar@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar

cputime: Generic on-demand virtual cputime accounting

2013-01-27T18:23:27+00:00

If we want to stop the tick further idle, we need to be
able to account the cputime without using the tick.

Virtual based cputime accounting solves that problem by
hooking into kernel/user boundaries.

However implementing CONFIG_VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING require
low level hooks and involves more overhead. But we already
have a generic context tracking subsystem that is required
for RCU needs by archs which plan to shut down the tick
outside idle.

This patch implements a generic virtual based cputime
accounting that relies on these generic kernel/user hooks.

There are some upsides of doing this:

- This requires no arch code to implement CONFIG_VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING
if context tracking is already built (already necessary for RCU in full
tickless mode).

- We can rely on the generic context tracking subsystem to dynamically
(de)activate the hooks, so that we can switch anytime between virtual
and tick based accounting. This way we don't have the overhead
of the virtual accounting when the tick is running periodically.

And one downside:

- There is probably more overhead than a native virtual based cputime
accounting. But this relies on hooks that are already set anyway.

Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker 
Cc: Andrew Morton 
Cc: Ingo Molnar 
Cc: Li Zhong 
Cc: Namhyung Kim 
Cc: Paul E. McKenney 
Cc: Paul Gortmaker 
Cc: Peter Zijlstra 
Cc: Steven Rostedt 
Cc: Thomas Gleixner

ia64: switch to generic kernel_thread()/kernel_execve()

2012-10-19T18:28:09+00:00

Acked-by: Tony Luck 
Tested-by: Tony Luck 
Signed-off-by: Al Viro

Disintegrate asm/system.h for IA64

2012-03-28T17:30:02+00:00

Disintegrate asm/system.h for IA64.

Signed-off-by: David Howells 
Acked-by: Tony Luck 
cc: linux-ia64@vger.kernel.org