linux-stable.git/Documentation/mm, branch v6.2

Merge tag 'mm-stable-2022-12-13' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm

2022-12-14T03:29:45+00:00

Pull MM updates from Andrew Morton:

 - More userfaultfs work from Peter Xu

 - Several convert-to-folios series from Sidhartha Kumar and Huang Ying

 - Some filemap cleanups from Vishal Moola

 - David Hildenbrand added the ability to selftest anon memory COW
   handling

 - Some cpuset simplifications from Liu Shixin

 - Addition of vmalloc tracing support by Uladzislau Rezki

 - Some pagecache folioifications and simplifications from Matthew
   Wilcox

 - A pagemap cleanup from Kefeng Wang: we have VM_ACCESS_FLAGS, so use
   it

 - Miguel Ojeda contributed some cleanups for our use of the
   __no_sanitize_thread__ gcc keyword.

   This series should have been in the non-MM tree, my bad

 - Naoya Horiguchi improved the interaction between memory poisoning and
   memory section removal for huge pages

 - DAMON cleanups and tuneups from SeongJae Park

 - Tony Luck fixed the handling of COW faults against poisoned pages

 - Peter Xu utilized the PTE marker code for handling swapin errors

 - Hugh Dickins reworked compound page mapcount handling, simplifying it
   and making it more efficient

 - Removal of the autonuma savedwrite infrastructure from Nadav Amit and
   David Hildenbrand

 - zram support for multiple compression streams from Sergey Senozhatsky

 - David Hildenbrand reworked the GUP code's R/O long-term pinning so
   that drivers no longer need to use the FOLL_FORCE workaround which
   didn't work very well anyway

 - Mel Gorman altered the page allocator so that local IRQs can remnain
   enabled during per-cpu page allocations

 - Vishal Moola removed the try_to_release_page() wrapper

 - Stefan Roesch added some per-BDI sysfs tunables which are used to
   prevent network block devices from dirtying excessive amounts of
   pagecache

 - David Hildenbrand did some cleanup and repair work on KSM COW
   breaking

 - Nhat Pham and Johannes Weiner have implemented writeback in zswap's
   zsmalloc backend

 - Brian Foster has fixed a longstanding corner-case oddity in
   file[map]_write_and_wait_range()

 - sparse-vmemmap changes for MIPS, LoongArch and NIOS2 from Feiyang
   Chen

 - Shiyang Ruan has done some work on fsdax, to make its reflink mode
   work better under xfstests. Better, but still not perfect

 - Christoph Hellwig has removed the .writepage() method from several
   filesystems. They only need .writepages()

 - Yosry Ahmed wrote a series which fixes the memcg reclaim target
   beancounting

 - David Hildenbrand has fixed some of our MM selftests for 32-bit
   machines

 - Many singleton patches, as usual

* tag 'mm-stable-2022-12-13' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (313 commits)
  mm/hugetlb: set head flag before setting compound_order in __prep_compound_gigantic_folio
  mm: mmu_gather: allow more than one batch of delayed rmaps
  mm: fix typo in struct pglist_data code comment
  kmsan: fix memcpy tests
  mm: add cond_resched() in swapin_walk_pmd_entry()
  mm: do not show fs mm pc for VM_LOCKONFAULT pages
  selftests/vm: ksm_functional_tests: fixes for 32bit
  selftests/vm: cow: fix compile warning on 32bit
  selftests/vm: madv_populate: fix missing MADV_POPULATE_(READ|WRITE) definitions
  mm/gup_test: fix PIN_LONGTERM_TEST_READ with highmem
  mm,thp,rmap: fix races between updates of subpages_mapcount
  mm: memcg: fix swapcached stat accounting
  mm: add nodes= arg to memory.reclaim
  mm: disable top-tier fallback to reclaim on proactive reclaim
  selftests: cgroup: make sure reclaim target memcg is unprotected
  selftests: cgroup: refactor proactive reclaim code to reclaim_until()
  mm: memcg: fix stale protection of reclaim target memcg
  mm/mmap: properly unaccount memory on mas_preallocate() failure
  omfs: remove ->writepage
  jfs: remove ->writepage
  ...

documentation/mm: update pmd_present() in arch_pgtable_helpers.rst

2022-11-30T23:59:07+00:00

Although pmd_present() might seem to indicate a valid and mapped pmd
entry, in reality it returns true when pmd_page() points to a valid page
in memory , regardless whether the pmd entry is mapped or not.  Andrea
Arcangeli had earlier explained [1] the required semantics for
pmd_present().  This just updates the documentation for pmd_present() as
required.

[1] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20181017020930.GN30832@redhat.com/

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20221123051319.1312582-1-anshuman.khandual@arm.com
Signed-off-by: Anshuman Khandual 
Acked-by: David Hildenbrand 
Cc: Jonathan Corbet 
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli 
Cc: Mike Rapoport 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton

mm,thp,rmap: subpages_mapcount COMPOUND_MAPPED if PMD-mapped

2022-11-30T23:58:48+00:00

Can the lock_compound_mapcount() bit_spin_lock apparatus be removed now? 
Yes.  Not by atomic64_t or cmpxchg games, those get difficult on 32-bit;
but if we slightly abuse subpages_mapcount by additionally demanding that
one bit be set there when the compound page is PMD-mapped, then a cascade
of two atomic ops is able to maintain the stats without bit_spin_lock.

This is harder to reason about than when bit_spin_locked, but I believe
safe; and no drift in stats detected when testing.  When there are racing
removes and adds, of course the sequence of operations is less well-
defined; but each operation on subpages_mapcount is atomically good.  What
might be disastrous, is if subpages_mapcount could ever fleetingly appear
negative: but the pte lock (or pmd lock) these rmap functions are called
under, ensures that a last remove cannot race ahead of a first add.

Continue to make an exception for hugetlb (PageHuge) pages, though that
exception can be easily removed by a further commit if necessary: leave
subpages_mapcount 0, don't bother with COMPOUND_MAPPED in its case, just
carry on checking compound_mapcount too in folio_mapped(), page_mapped().

Evidence is that this way goes slightly faster than the previous
implementation in all cases (pmds after ptes now taking around 103ms); and
relieves us of worrying about contention on the bit_spin_lock.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/3978f3ca-5473-55a7-4e14-efea5968d892@google.com
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins 
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov 
Cc: Dan Carpenter 
Cc: David Hildenbrand 
Cc: James Houghton 
Cc: Johannes Weiner 
Cc: John Hubbard 
Cc: Linus Torvalds 
Cc: Matthew Wilcox 
Cc: Miaohe Lin 
Cc: Mike Kravetz 
Cc: Mina Almasry 
Cc: Muchun Song 
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi 
Cc: Peter Xu 
Cc: Sidhartha Kumar 
Cc: Vlastimil Babka 
Cc: Yang Shi 
Cc: Yu Zhao 
Cc: Zach O'Keefe 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton

mm,thp,rmap: subpages_mapcount of PTE-mapped subpages

2022-11-30T23:58:47+00:00

Patch series "mm,thp,rmap: rework the use of subpages_mapcount", v2.


This patch (of 3):

Following suggestion from Linus, instead of counting every PTE map of a
compound page in subpages_mapcount, just count how many of its subpages
are PTE-mapped: this yields the exact number needed for NR_ANON_MAPPED and
NR_FILE_MAPPED stats, without any need for a locked scan of subpages; and
requires updating the count less often.

This does then revert total_mapcount() and folio_mapcount() to needing a
scan of subpages; but they are inherently racy, and need no locking, so
Linus is right that the scans are much better done there.  Plus (unlike in
6.1 and previous) subpages_mapcount lets us avoid the scan in the common
case of no PTE maps.  And page_mapped() and folio_mapped() remain scanless
and just as efficient with the new meaning of subpages_mapcount: those are
the functions which I most wanted to remove the scan from.

The updated page_dup_compound_rmap() is no longer suitable for use by anon
THP's __split_huge_pmd_locked(); but page_add_anon_rmap() can be used for
that, so long as its VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageLocked) is deleted.

Evidence is that this way goes slightly faster than the previous
implementation for most cases; but significantly faster in the (now
scanless) pmds after ptes case, which started out at 870ms and was brought
down to 495ms by the previous series, now takes around 105ms.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/a5849eca-22f1-3517-bf29-95d982242742@google.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/eec17e16-4e1-7c59-f1bc-5bca90dac919@google.com
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins 
Suggested-by: Linus Torvalds 
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov 
Cc: Dan Carpenter 
Cc: David Hildenbrand 
Cc: James Houghton 
Cc: Johannes Weiner 
Cc: John Hubbard 
Cc: Matthew Wilcox 
Cc: Miaohe Lin 
Cc: Mike Kravetz 
Cc: Mina Almasry 
Cc: Muchun Song 
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi 
Cc: Peter Xu 
Cc: Sidhartha Kumar 
Cc: Vlastimil Babka 
Cc: Yang Shi 
Cc: Yu Zhao 
Cc: Zach O'Keefe 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton

mm,thp,rmap: lock_compound_mapcounts() on THP mapcounts

2022-11-30T23:58:47+00:00

Fix the races in maintaining compound_mapcount, subpages_mapcount and
subpage _mapcount by using PG_locked in the first tail of any compound
page for a bit_spin_lock() on such modifications; skipping the usual
atomic operations on those fields in this case.

Bring page_remove_file_rmap() and page_remove_anon_compound_rmap() back
into page_remove_rmap() itself.  Rearrange page_add_anon_rmap() and
page_add_file_rmap() and page_remove_rmap() to follow the same "if
(compound) {lock} else if (PageCompound) {lock} else {atomic}" pattern
(with a PageTransHuge in the compound test, like before, to avoid BUG_ONs
and optimize away that block when THP is not configured).  Move all the
stats updates outside, after the bit_spin_locked section, so that it is
sure to be a leaf lock.

Add page_dup_compound_rmap() to manage compound locking versus atomics in
sync with the rest.  In particular, hugetlb pages are still using the
atomics: to avoid unnecessary interference there, and because they never
have subpage mappings; but this exception can easily be changed. 
Conveniently, page_dup_compound_rmap() turns out to suit an anon THP's
__split_huge_pmd_locked() too.

bit_spin_lock() is not popular with PREEMPT_RT folks: but PREEMPT_RT
sensibly excludes TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE already, so its only exposure is to
the non-hugetlb non-THP pte-mapped compound pages (with large folios being
currently dependent on TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE).  There is never any scan of
subpages in this case; but we have chosen to use PageCompound tests rather
than PageTransCompound tests to gate the use of lock_compound_mapcounts(),
so that page_mapped() is correct on all compound pages, whether or not
TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE is enabled: could that be a problem for PREEMPT_RT,
when there is contention on the lock - under heavy concurrent forking for
example?  If so, then it can be turned into a sleeping lock (like
folio_lock()) when PREEMPT_RT.

A simple 100 X munmap(mmap(2GB, MAP_SHARED|MAP_POPULATE, tmpfs), 2GB) took
18 seconds on small pages, and used to take 1 second on huge pages, but
now takes 115 milliseconds on huge pages.  Mapping by pmds a second time
used to take 860ms and now takes 86ms; mapping by pmds after mapping by
ptes (when the scan is needed) used to take 870ms and now takes 495ms. 
Mapping huge pages by ptes is largely unaffected but variable: between 5%
faster and 5% slower in what I've recorded.  Contention on the lock is
likely to behave worse than contention on the atomics behaved.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1b42bd1a-8223-e827-602f-d466c2db7d3c@google.com
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins 
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov 
Cc: David Hildenbrand 
Cc: James Houghton 
Cc: John Hubbard 
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) 
Cc: Miaohe Lin 
Cc: Mike Kravetz 
Cc: Mina Almasry 
Cc: Muchun Song 
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi 
Cc: Peter Xu 
Cc: Sidhartha Kumar 
Cc: Vlastimil Babka 
Cc: Yang Shi 
Cc: Zach O'Keefe 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton

mm,thp,rmap: simplify compound page mapcount handling

2022-11-30T23:58:46+00:00

Compound page (folio) mapcount calculations have been different for anon
and file (or shmem) THPs, and involved the obscure PageDoubleMap flag. 
And each huge mapping and unmapping of a file (or shmem) THP involved
atomically incrementing and decrementing the mapcount of every subpage of
that huge page, dirtying many struct page cachelines.

Add subpages_mapcount field to the struct folio and first tail page, so
that the total of subpage mapcounts is available in one place near the
head: then page_mapcount() and total_mapcount() and page_mapped(), and
their folio equivalents, are so quick that anon and file and hugetlb don't
need to be optimized differently.  Delete the unloved PageDoubleMap.

page_add and page_remove rmap functions must now maintain the
subpages_mapcount as well as the subpage _mapcount, when dealing with pte
mappings of huge pages; and correct maintenance of NR_ANON_MAPPED and
NR_FILE_MAPPED statistics still needs reading through the subpages, using
nr_subpages_unmapped() - but only when first or last pmd mapping finds
subpages_mapcount raised (double-map case, not the common case).

But are those counts (used to decide when to split an anon THP, and in
vmscan's pagecache_reclaimable heuristic) correctly maintained?  Not
quite: since page_remove_rmap() (and also split_huge_pmd()) is often
called without page lock, there can be races when a subpage pte mapcount
0<->1 while compound pmd mapcount 0<->1 is scanning - races which the
previous implementation had prevented.  The statistics might become
inaccurate, and even drift down until they underflow through 0.  That is
not good enough, but is better dealt with in a followup patch.

Update a few comments on first and second tail page overlaid fields. 
hugepage_add_new_anon_rmap() has to "increment" compound_mapcount, but
subpages_mapcount and compound_pincount are already correctly at 0, so
delete its reinitialization of compound_pincount.

A simple 100 X munmap(mmap(2GB, MAP_SHARED|MAP_POPULATE, tmpfs), 2GB) took
18 seconds on small pages, and used to take 1 second on huge pages, but
now takes 119 milliseconds on huge pages.  Mapping by pmds a second time
used to take 860ms and now takes 92ms; mapping by pmds after mapping by
ptes (when the scan is needed) used to take 870ms and now takes 495ms. 
But there might be some benchmarks which would show a slowdown, because
tail struct pages now fall out of cache until final freeing checks them.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/47ad693-717-79c8-e1ba-46c3a6602e48@google.com
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins 
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov 
Cc: David Hildenbrand 
Cc: James Houghton 
Cc: John Hubbard 
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) 
Cc: Miaohe Lin 
Cc: Mike Kravetz 
Cc: Mina Almasry 
Cc: Muchun Song 
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi 
Cc: Peter Xu 
Cc: Sidhartha Kumar 
Cc: Vlastimil Babka 
Cc: Yang Shi 
Cc: Zach O'Keefe 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton

mm: Make failslab writable again

2022-10-24T10:19:06+00:00

In (060807f841ac mm, slub: make remaining slub_debug related attributes
read-only) failslab was made read-only.
I think it became a collateral victim to the two other options for which
the reasons are perfectly valid.
Here is why:
 - sanity_checks and trace are slab internal debug options,
   failslab is used for fault injection.
 - for fault injections, which by presumption are random, it
   does not matter if it is not set atomically. And you need to
   set atleast one more option to trigger fault injection.
 - in a testing scenario you may need to change it at runtime
   example: module loading - you test all allocations limited
   by the space option. Then you move to test only your module's
   own slabs.
 - when set by command line flags it effectively disables all
   cache merges.

Cc: Vlastimil Babka 
Cc: Andrew Morton 
Cc: Kees Cook 
Cc: Roman Gushchin 
Cc: Christoph Lameter 
Cc: Jann Horn 
Cc: Vijayanand Jitta 
Cc: David Rientjes 
Cc: Joonsoo Kim 
Cc: Pekka Enberg 
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200610163135.17364-5-vbabka@suse.cz

Signed-off-by: Alexander Atanasov 
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka

Merge tag 'docs-6.1-2' of git://git.lwn.net/linux

2022-10-13T17:58:32+00:00

Pull documentation fixes from Jonathan Corbet:
 "A handful of relatively simple documentation fixes, plus a set of
  patches catching the Chinese translation up with the front-page
  rework"

* tag 'docs-6.1-2' of git://git.lwn.net/linux:
  Documentation: rtla: Correct command line example
  docs/zh_CN: add a man-pages link to zh_CN/index.rst
  docs/zh_CN: Rewrite the Chinese translation front page
  docs/zh_CN: add zh_CN/arch.rst
  docs/zh_CN: promote the title of zh_CN/process/index.rst
  docs/zh_CN: Update the translation of page_owner to 6.0-rc7
  docs/zh_CN: Update the translation of ksm to 6.0-rc7
  docs/howto: Replace abundoned URL of gmane.org
  Documentation: ubifs: Fix compression idiom
  Documentation/mm/page_owner.rst: delete frequently changing experimental data
  docs/zh_CN: Fix build warning
  docs: ftrace: Correct access mode

Merge tag 'mm-stable-2022-10-08' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm

2022-10-11T00:53:04+00:00

Pull MM updates from Andrew Morton:

- Yu Zhao's Multi-Gen LRU patches are here. They've been under test in
linux-next for a couple of months without, to my knowledge, any
negative reports (or any positive ones, come to that).

- Also the Maple Tree from Liam Howlett. An overlapping range-based
tree for vmas. It it apparently slightly more efficient in its own
right, but is mainly targeted at enabling work to reduce mmap_lock
contention.

Liam has identified a number of other tree users in the kernel which
could be beneficially onverted to mapletrees.

Yu Zhao has identified a hard-to-hit but "easy to fix" lockdep splat
at [1]. This has yet to be addressed due to Liam's unfortunately
timed vacation. He is now back and we'll get this fixed up.

- Dmitry Vyukov introduces KMSAN: the Kernel Memory Sanitizer. It uses
clang-generated instrumentation to detect used-unintialized bugs down
to the single bit level.

KMSAN keeps finding bugs. New ones, as well as the legacy ones.

- Yang Shi adds a userspace mechanism (madvise) to induce a collapse of
memory into THPs.

- Zach O'Keefe has expanded Yang Shi's madvise(MADV_COLLAPSE) to
support file/shmem-backed pages.

- userfaultfd updates from Axel Rasmussen

- zsmalloc cleanups from Alexey Romanov

- cleanups from Miaohe Lin: vmscan, hugetlb_cgroup, hugetlb and
memory-failure

- Huang Ying adds enhancements to NUMA balancing memory tiering mode's
page promotion, with a new way of detecting hot pages.

- memcg updates from Shakeel Butt: charging optimizations and reduced
memory consumption.

- memcg cleanups from Kairui Song.

- memcg fixes and cleanups from Johannes Weiner.

- Vishal Moola provides more folio conversions

- Zhang Yi removed ll_rw_block() :(

- migration enhancements from Peter Xu

- migration error-path bugfixes from Huang Ying

- Aneesh Kumar added ability for a device driver to alter the memory
tiering promotion paths. For optimizations by PMEM drivers, DRM
drivers, etc.

- vma merging improvements from Jakub Matěn.

- NUMA hinting cleanups from David Hildenbrand.

- xu xin added aditional userspace visibility into KSM merging
activity.

- THP & KSM code consolidation from Qi Zheng.

- more folio work from Matthew Wilcox.

- KASAN updates from Andrey Konovalov.

- DAMON cleanups from Kaixu Xia.

- DAMON work from SeongJae Park: fixes, cleanups.

- hugetlb sysfs cleanups from Muchun Song.

- Mike Kravetz fixes locking issues in hugetlbfs and in hugetlb core.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/CAOUHufZabH85CeUN-MEMgL8gJGzJEWUrkiM58JkTbBhh-jew0Q@mail.gmail.com [1]

* tag 'mm-stable-2022-10-08' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (555 commits)
hugetlb: allocate vma lock for all sharable vmas
hugetlb: take hugetlb vma_lock when clearing vma_lock->vma pointer
hugetlb: fix vma lock handling during split vma and range unmapping
mglru: mm/vmscan.c: fix imprecise comments
mm/mglru: don't sync disk for each aging cycle
mm: memcontrol: drop dead CONFIG_MEMCG_SWAP config symbol
mm: memcontrol: use do_memsw_account() in a few more places
mm: memcontrol: deprecate swapaccounting=0 mode
mm: memcontrol: don't allocate cgroup swap arrays when memcg is disabled
mm/secretmem: remove reduntant return value
mm/hugetlb: add available_huge_pages() func
mm: remove unused inline functions from include/linux/mm_inline.h
selftests/vm: add selftest for MADV_COLLAPSE of uffd-minor memory
selftests/vm: add file/shmem MADV_COLLAPSE selftest for cleared pmd
selftests/vm: add thp collapse shmem testing
selftests/vm: add thp collapse file and tmpfs testing
selftests/vm: modularize thp collapse memory operations
selftests/vm: dedup THP helpers
mm/khugepaged: add tracepoint to hpage_collapse_scan_file()
mm/madvise: add file and shmem support to MADV_COLLAPSE
...

Documentation/mm/page_owner.rst: delete frequently changing experimental data

2022-10-10T18:54:11+00:00

The kernel size changes due to many factors, such as compiler
version, configuration, and the build environment. This makes
size comparison figures irrelevant to reader's setup.

Remove these figures and describe the effects of page owner
to the kernel size in general instead.

Thanks for Jonathan Corbet, Bagas Sanjaya and Mike Rapoport's
constructive suggestions.

Signed-off-by: Yixuan Cao 
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20221005145525.10359-1-caoyixuan2019@email.szu.edu.cn
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet