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<H1 class="no-header">panel 3x 2024-12-28 ncurses 6.6 Library calls</H1>
<PRE>
<STRONG><A HREF="panel.3x.html">panel(3x)</A></STRONG> Library calls <STRONG><A HREF="panel.3x.html">panel(3x)</A></STRONG>
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-NAME">NAME</a></H2><PRE>
panel - manage overlapping <EM>curses</EM> windows
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></H2><PRE>
<STRONG>#include</STRONG> <STRONG><panel.h></STRONG>
<STRONG>PANEL</STRONG> <STRONG>*new_panel(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>bottom_panel(PANEL</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>pan</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>top_panel(PANEL</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>pan</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>show_panel(PANEL</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>pan</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>update_panels(void);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>hide_panel(PANEL</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>pan</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*panel_window(const</STRONG> <STRONG>PANEL</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>pan</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>replace_panel(PANEL</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>pan</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>window</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>move_panel(PANEL</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>pan</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>starty</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>startx</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>panel_hidden(const</STRONG> <STRONG>PANEL</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>pan</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>PANEL</STRONG> <STRONG>*panel_above(const</STRONG> <STRONG>PANEL</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>pan</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>PANEL</STRONG> <STRONG>*panel_below(const</STRONG> <STRONG>PANEL</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>pan</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>set_panel_userptr(PANEL</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>pan</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>ptr</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>*panel_userptr(const</STRONG> <STRONG>PANEL</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>pan</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>del_panel(PANEL</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>pan</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<EM>/*</EM> <EM>ncurses</EM> <EM>extensions</EM> <EM>*/</EM>
<STRONG>PANEL</STRONG> <STRONG>*ground_panel(SCREEN</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>sp</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>PANEL</STRONG> <STRONG>*ceiling_panel(SCREEN</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>sp</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></H2><PRE>
Panels are <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></STRONG> windows with the added property of depth. Panel
functions allow the use of stacked windows and ensure that the proper
portions of each window and the <EM>curses</EM> <STRONG>stdscr</STRONG> window are hidden or
displayed when panels are added, moved, modified, or removed. The set
of currently visible panels is the stack of panels. The <STRONG>stdscr</STRONG> window
is beneath all panels, and is not considered part of the stack.
A window is associated with each panel. The panel routines enable you
to create, move, hide, and show panels. You can relocate a panel to
any desired position in the stack.
Panel routines are a functional layer added to <EM>curses</EM>, make only high-
level <EM>curses</EM> calls, and work anywhere <EM>curses</EM> does.
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-FUNCTIONS">FUNCTIONS</a></H2><PRE>
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-bottom_panel">bottom_panel</a></H3><PRE>
<STRONG>bottom_panel(</STRONG><EM>pan</EM><STRONG>)</STRONG> puts panel <EM>pan</EM> at the bottom of all panels.
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-ceiling_panel">ceiling_panel</a></H3><PRE>
<STRONG>ceiling_panel(</STRONG><EM>sp</EM><STRONG>)</STRONG> acts like <STRONG>panel_below(NULL)</STRONG> for the given <EM>SCREEN</EM> <EM>sp</EM>.
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-del_panel">del_panel</a></H3><PRE>
<STRONG>del_panel(</STRONG><EM>pan</EM><STRONG>)</STRONG> removes the given panel <EM>pan</EM> from the stack and
deallocates the <EM>PANEL</EM> structure (but not its associated window).
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-ground_panel">ground_panel</a></H3><PRE>
<STRONG>ground_panel(</STRONG><EM>sp</EM><STRONG>)</STRONG> acts like <STRONG>panel_above(NULL)</STRONG> for the given <EM>SCREEN</EM> <EM>sp</EM>.
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-hide_panel">hide_panel</a></H3><PRE>
<STRONG>hide_panel(</STRONG><EM>pan</EM><STRONG>)</STRONG> removes the given panel <EM>pan</EM> from the panel stack and
thus hides it from view. The <EM>PANEL</EM> structure is not lost, merely
removed from the stack.
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-move_panel">move_panel</a></H3><PRE>
<STRONG>move_panel(</STRONG><EM>pan</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <EM>starty</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <EM>startx</EM><STRONG>)</STRONG> moves the given panel <EM>pan</EM>'s window so
that its upper-left corner is at <EM>starty</EM>, <EM>startx</EM>. It does not change
the position of the panel in the stack. Be sure to use this function,
not <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">mvwin(3x)</A></STRONG>, to move a panel window.
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-new_panel">new_panel</a></H3><PRE>
<STRONG>new_panel(</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>)</STRONG> allocates a <EM>PANEL</EM> structure, associates it with <EM>win</EM>,
places the panel on the top of the stack (causes it to be displayed
above any other panel) and returns a pointer to the new panel.
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-panel_above">panel_above</a></H3><PRE>
<STRONG>panel_above(</STRONG><EM>pan</EM><STRONG>)</STRONG> returns a pointer to the panel above <EM>pan</EM>. If the
panel argument is "<STRONG>(PANEL</STRONG> <STRONG>*)0</STRONG>", it returns a pointer to the bottom
panel in the stack.
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-panel_below">panel_below</a></H3><PRE>
<STRONG>panel_below(</STRONG><EM>pan</EM><STRONG>)</STRONG> returns a pointer to the panel just below <EM>pan</EM>. If the
panel argument is "<STRONG>(PANEL</STRONG> <STRONG>*)0</STRONG>", it returns a pointer to the top panel
in the stack.
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-panel_hidden">panel_hidden</a></H3><PRE>
<STRONG>panel_hidden(</STRONG><EM>pan</EM><STRONG>)</STRONG> returns <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG> if the panel <EM>pan</EM> is in the panel stack,
and <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG> if it is not. If the panel is a null pointer, it returns <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>.
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-panel_userptr">panel_userptr</a></H3><PRE>
<STRONG>panel_userptr(</STRONG><EM>pan</EM><STRONG>)</STRONG> returns the user pointer for a given panel <EM>pan</EM>.
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-panel_window">panel_window</a></H3><PRE>
<STRONG>panel_window(</STRONG><EM>pan</EM><STRONG>)</STRONG> returns a pointer to the window of the given panel
<EM>pan</EM>.
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-replace_panel">replace_panel</a></H3><PRE>
<STRONG>replace_panel(</STRONG><EM>pan</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <EM>window</EM><STRONG>)</STRONG> replaces the current window of panel <EM>pan</EM>
with <EM>window</EM> This is useful if, for example, you want to resize a panel.
In <EM>ncurses</EM>, you can call <STRONG>replace_panel</STRONG> to resize a panel using a window
resized with <STRONG><A HREF="wresize.3x.html">wresize(3x)</A></STRONG>. It does not change the position of the panel
in the stack.
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-set_panel_userptr">set_panel_userptr</a></H3><PRE>
<STRONG>set_panel_userptr(</STRONG><EM>pan</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <EM>ptr</EM><STRONG>)</STRONG> sets the panel's user pointer.
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-show_panel">show_panel</a></H3><PRE>
<STRONG>show_panel(</STRONG><EM>pan</EM><STRONG>)</STRONG> makes a hidden panel visible by placing it on top of
the panels in the panel stack. See "PORTABILITY" below.
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-top_panel">top_panel</a></H3><PRE>
<STRONG>top_panel(</STRONG><EM>pan</EM><STRONG>)</STRONG> puts the given visible panel <EM>pan</EM> on top of all panels in
the stack. See "PORTABILITY" below.
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-update_panels">update_panels</a></H3><PRE>
<STRONG>update_panels()</STRONG> refreshes the virtual screen to reflect the relations
between the panels in the stack, but does not call <STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">doupdate(3x)</A></STRONG> to
refresh the physical screen. Use this function and not <STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">wrefresh(3x)</A></STRONG> or
<STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">wnoutrefresh(3x)</A></STRONG>.
<STRONG>update_panels</STRONG> may be called more than once before a call to <STRONG>doupdate</STRONG>,
but <STRONG>doupdate</STRONG> is the function responsible for updating the physical
screen.
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></H2><PRE>
Each routine that returns a pointer returns <EM>NULL</EM> if an error occurs.
Each routine that returns an int value returns <STRONG>OK</STRONG> if it executes
successfully and <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> if not.
Except as noted, the <EM>pan</EM> and <EM>window</EM> parameters must be non-null. If
either is null, an error is returned.
The <STRONG>move_panel</STRONG> function uses <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">mvwin(3x)</A></STRONG>, and returns <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> if <STRONG>mvwin</STRONG>
returns <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>.
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-NOTES">NOTES</a></H2><PRE>
The header file <EM>panel.h</EM> itself includes the header file <EM>curses.h</EM>.
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></H2><PRE>
Reasonable care has been taken to ensure compatibility with the native
panel facility introduced in System V; inspection of the SVr4 manual
pages suggests the programming interface never changed. The <EM>PANEL</EM> data
structures are merely similar. The programmer is cautioned not to
directly use <EM>PANEL</EM> fields.
The functions <STRONG>show_panel</STRONG> and <STRONG>top_panel</STRONG> are identical in this
implementation, and work equally well with displayed or hidden panels.
In the System V implementation, <STRONG>show_panel</STRONG> is intended for making a
hidden panel visible (at the top of the stack) and <STRONG>top_panel</STRONG> is
intended for making an already-visible panel move to the top of the
stack. You are cautioned to use the correct function to ensure
compatibility with System V panel libraries.
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-HISTORY">HISTORY</a></H2><PRE>
A panel facility was documented in SVr4.2's <EM>Character</EM> <EM>User</EM> <EM>Interface</EM>
<EM>Programming</EM> document.
It is not part of X/Open Curses.
A few implementations exist:
<STRONG>o</STRONG> Systems based on SVr4 source code, such as Solaris, provide this
library.
<STRONG>o</STRONG> <EM>ncurses</EM> (since version 0.6 in 1993) and <EM>PDCurses</EM> (since version 2.2
in 1995) provide a <EM>panel</EM> library whose common ancestor is a public
domain implementation by Warren Tucker published in <EM>u386mon</EM> 2.20
(1990).
According to Tucker, the System V panel library was first released
in SVr3.2 (1988), and his implementation helped with a port to
SVr3.1 (1987).
Several developers have improved each of these; they are no longer
the same as Tucker's implementation.
<STRONG>o</STRONG> NetBSD 8 (2018) has a panel library begun by Valery Ushakov in
2015, based on the System V documentation.
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-AUTHORS">AUTHORS</a></H2><PRE>
Warren Tucker <wht@n4hgf.mt-park.ga.us> originally wrote this
implementation, primarily to assist in porting <EM>u386mon</EM> to systems
without a native panel library.
Zeyd ben-Halim repackaged it for <EM>ncurses</EM>.
Juergen Pfeifer and Thomas E. Dickey revised and improved the library.
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></H2><PRE>
<STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_variables.3x.html">curs_variables(3x)</A></STRONG>
ncurses 6.6 2024-12-28 <STRONG><A HREF="panel.3x.html">panel(3x)</A></STRONG>
</PRE>
<div class="nav">
<ul>
<li><a href="#h2-NAME">NAME</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-FUNCTIONS">FUNCTIONS</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#h3-bottom_panel">bottom_panel</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-ceiling_panel">ceiling_panel</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-del_panel">del_panel</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-ground_panel">ground_panel</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-hide_panel">hide_panel</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-move_panel">move_panel</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-new_panel">new_panel</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-panel_above">panel_above</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-panel_below">panel_below</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-panel_hidden">panel_hidden</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-panel_userptr">panel_userptr</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-panel_window">panel_window</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-replace_panel">replace_panel</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-set_panel_userptr">set_panel_userptr</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-show_panel">show_panel</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-top_panel">top_panel</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-update_panels">update_panels</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-NOTES">NOTES</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-HISTORY">HISTORY</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-AUTHORS">AUTHORS</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></li>
</ul>
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